[TEACHER ANSWER KEY & EXPLANATORY GUIDE]

Lesson 17: Constructing and Proving Outlines (Level A)

Textbook Pages 21–22 • Geological Expository Outlining • Total Score: 20 Points

Verified Master Outline (Caves) 20/20 Points

Caves

I. What is a cave
    A. Hollow space underground
    B. Something made by nature

II. Wind caves
    A. Found in mountainsides
    B. Wind grinds hollows in rocks

III. Wave caves
    A. In cliffs along sea
    B. Waves wear holes in cliffs

IV. Lava caves
    A. Melted rocks flow from volcanoes
    B. Harden on the surface
    C. Soft lava flows underneath
    D. Tunnels form caves

V. Limestone caves
    A. Largest and greatest in number
    B. Limestone layers crack and split
    C. Surface water mixes with carbon dioxide
        1. Forms an acid
        2. Quickly dissolves limestone

The Complete Sentence Proof Frame (Textbook Page 22 Key)

Proof Synthesis Narrative:
(I) What is a cave, and what kinds of CAVES are commonly found? (II) Wind caves, (III) Wave caves, (IV) Lava caves, and (V) Limestone caves are the most common.

A CAVE is (I. A) hollow space underground, (I. B) something made by nature.

CAVES made by (II) wind are (II. A) found in mountainsides, and (II. B) wind grinds hollows in rocks.

CAVES made by (III) waves are (III. A) in cliffs along sea, and formed when (III. B) waves wear holes in cliffs.

CAVES made by (IV) lava are formed as (IV. A) melted rocks flow from volcanoes, (IV. B) harden on the surface, and (IV. C) soft lava flows underneath, causing (IV. D) tunnels form caves.

CAVES made in (V) limestone are (V. A) largest and greatest in number. As (V. B) limestone layers crack and split, (V. C) surface water mixes with carbon dioxide. Surface water with carbon dioxide (C. 1) forms an acid and (C. 2) quickly dissolves limestone.

Earth Science & Outlining Mechanics Rubric (20 Total Points)

Tier Component	Point Allocation	Instructional Verification Criteria
Main Topics (I–V)	5 Points (1 pt each)	Identifies definition inquiry (I) and 4 geological cave categories (II to V).
Subtopics (A, B, C, D)	13 Points (1 pt each)	Indented 2 spaces under Roman numerals; maps environmental locations and mechanical actions.
Details (1, 2)	2 Points (1 pt each)	Indented under Limestone subtopic C; describes carbonic acid reaction and calcium carbonate dissolution.
TOTAL SCORE		20 Points (1 point per correctly placed outline entry)