1. How Animals Use Color
5 Pts
Intruder: IV. Resemble bark on trees.
Diagnostic Analysis: Resembling tree bark is a specific example / subtopic of camouflage, not a separate, equal category. Also, "Prey" and "Predators" had improper capitalizations in the draft that students must correct to lower-case.
Diagnostic Analysis: Resembling tree bark is a specific example / subtopic of camouflage, not a separate, equal category. Also, "Prey" and "Predators" had improper capitalizations in the draft that students must correct to lower-case.
How Animals Use Color
I. Camouflage
II. Lure prey
III. Startle predators
Spoken Proofs:
• “Animals use color to camouflage.”
• “Animals use color to lure prey.”
• “Animals use color to startle predators.”
• “Animals use color to camouflage.”
• “Animals use color to lure prey.”
• “Animals use color to startle predators.”
2. Birds of the Grasslands
5 Pts
Intruder: II. Shore birds.
Diagnostic Analysis: Shore birds inhabit coastal mudflats, estuaries, and sandy beaches—not open grasslands! “Birds of the grasslands are shore birds” fails factually.
Diagnostic Analysis: Shore birds inhabit coastal mudflats, estuaries, and sandy beaches—not open grasslands! “Birds of the grasslands are shore birds” fails factually.
Birds of the Grasslands
I. Seed-eating birds
II. Insect-eating birds
III. Birds that run
Spoken Proofs:
• “Birds of the grasslands are seed-eating birds.”
• “Birds of the grasslands are insect-eating birds.”
• “Birds of the grasslands are birds that run.”
• “Birds of the grasslands are seed-eating birds.”
• “Birds of the grasslands are insect-eating birds.”
• “Birds of the grasslands are birds that run.”
3. How Months Got Their Names
5 Pts
Intruder: III. Janus.
Diagnostic Analysis: Janus is a Roman mythological god with two faces, NOT a calendar month. The proof sentence “How did the month of Janus get its name?” makes no sense because there is no month named Janus.
Diagnostic Analysis: Janus is a Roman mythological god with two faces, NOT a calendar month. The proof sentence “How did the month of Janus get its name?” makes no sense because there is no month named Janus.
How Months Got Their Names
I. January
II. April
III. August
Spoken Proofs:
• “How did the month of January get its name?” (From Janus)
• “How did the month of April get its name?” (From Aperire)
• “How did the month of August get its name?” (From Augustus Caesar)
• “How did the month of January get its name?” (From Janus)
• “How did the month of April get its name?” (From Aperire)
• “How did the month of August get its name?” (From Augustus Caesar)
4. Inventors
5 Pts
Intruder: IV. The cotton gin.
Diagnostic Analysis: Category error: an invention vs. an inventor. “The cotton gin was an inventor” is logically impossible because a cotton gin is a mechanical machine invented by Eli Whitney.
Diagnostic Analysis: Category error: an invention vs. an inventor. “The cotton gin was an inventor” is logically impossible because a cotton gin is a mechanical machine invented by Eli Whitney.
Inventors
I. James Watt
II. Robert Fulton
III. Eli Whitney
Spoken Proofs:
• “James Watt was an inventor.” (Steam engine)
• “Robert Fulton was an inventor.” (Steamboat)
• “Eli Whitney was an inventor.” (Cotton gin)
• “James Watt was an inventor.” (Steam engine)
• “Robert Fulton was an inventor.” (Steamboat)
• “Eli Whitney was an inventor.” (Cotton gin)